1. Acids : Acids are substances that a pH below 7, have a sour taste, donate protons and give hydrogen (H+) and hydromium (H3O+) atoms when dissociates in water. Acids can be classified in many ways. Examples:
1.1.Organic and inorganic acids : Organic acids have a carboxyl functional group while inorganic acids don't.
- Example of organic acdis : Acetic Acid (CH3COOH), Stearic acid (C17H35COOH).
- Example of inorganic acdis : Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Carbonic Acid (H2CO3), Pechloric Acid (HClO4).
1.2. Hydro and Oxy acids : Oxy acids have oxygen in their formular and composition while Hydro Acids don't.
- Example of Hydro acdis : Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)
- Example of Oxy acdis : Carbonic Acid (H2CO3), Pechloric Acid (HClO4).
1.3. Acid Strength : Weak acids and strong acids. Strong acids can dissociates in water and gives hydrogen ion for 100%. Weaks acids can dissociates in water but give out hydrogen ion for less than 100%. Extremely strond acids are called "Superacids which has an acidity more than 100% H2SO4.
- Strong Acids are : Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Hydroiodic Acid (HI), Hydrobromic Acid (HBr), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), Nitric Acid (HNO3), Chloric Acid (HClO3), Perchloric Acids (HClO4)
- Example of Weak Acids : Hydrofluoric Acid (HF), Carbonic Acid (H2CO3), Acetic Acid (CH3COOH), Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4).
- Examples of Superacids : Fluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6), Magic acid (FSO3HSbF5)
2.Bases: Bases are Substances that have a pH higher than 7, Dissociates in water and give out Hydroxide ions (OH-), Have a bitter tase, Feels slippery and recieve protons. Bases are mostly classified by strength and solubility in water.
2.1 Base Strength : Weak Bases and strong Bases. Strong acids can dissociates in water and gives hydroxide ion for 100%. Weaks acids can dissociates in water but give out hydroxide ion for less than 100%. Extremely Strong bases are called "Superbases".
- Example of Strong Bases : Strong bases are hydroxides of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals. Such As : Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), Cesium Hydroxide (CsOH), Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), Barium Hydroxide (Ba(OH)2).
- Example of Weak Bases : Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH).
- Example of Superbases : Lithium diisopropylamide (C6H14LiN), Methyl Lithium (CH3Li), Sodium hydride (NaH)
2.2. Solubility in water : Most Metal Hydroxide are insoluble in water. The only water-soluble bases are Hydroxides of Alkali Metals, Calcium, Strontium, Barium and Ammoium
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